An archaeological site is a product of diverse prehistoric cultures that reflect social, economic, and architectural characteristics and express a holistic value that arises as a result of an area that has witnessed history and needs to be protected. Archaeological sites can suffer serious damage due to changes in their environment. In the archaeological context, the evaluation and description of disturbances aim to characterize the processes that have affected a set of archaeological remains after their abandonment and analyze the consequences of these processes on archaeological interpretations. This project offers an overview of the main processes involved in the disturbance of archaeological sites, with an emphasis on the European and Mesopotamian Neolithic. All archaeological sites have undergone transformations by natural processes to varying degrees after their abandonment, and understanding these transformations is of utmost importance. This has gradually emerged since the 1980s, after a series of geoarchaeological studies and archaeological work. Sedimentary and diagenetic processes are two main types of disturbances of archaeological sites from a geoarchaeological perspective that occur after the site is vacated. While sedimentary processes affect the site on the soil surface or in the subsoil, diagenetic processes include soil alteration and movements caused by biopedological processes. The study of artifact deterioration, which generated a large amount of literature, will not be addressed in this project, and we will focus on site-scale disturbances. Throughout the project, we will describe depositional and post-depositional processes and their consequences, detailing the analytical mechanisms used to reconstruct them and providing key examples of their impact on archaeological interpretations. The issue of disturbance of archaeological sites has been discussed from different perspectives, but not all elements of the destruction have been addressed at the same time. In this study, the objective of giving a global perspective to readers from an interdisciplinary point of view will be achieved by filling a gap in research in this field by including all factors that cause degradation. In this way, during the execution of archaeological projects, researchers will contribute to a more precise understanding of archaeological sites and the most precise interpretation. In some cases, the change caused by deterioration factors leads archaeologists to make erroneous interpretations due to a lack of recognition of these factors. This topic, which is the product of observations obtained from archaeological investigations and excavations carried out in various countries over the years, has been updated with our additional studies carried out in Turkey during my sabbatical period. The next phase of the project corresponds to the analysis of the information already collected. To do this, it is planned to compile previous publications and compare these studies with the results of our research. Since sufficient field studies have been carried out on the topic, at the current stage of the research, it will be developed only with bibliographic studies and will go into details without the need to carry out field studies. The archaeological sites mentioned in this research include both natural and human-induced destruction, especially observed in land settlements in Europe and the Middle East region. For this reason, the degradation processes of archaeological settlements in tropical areas were excluded from the scope of the topic and saved for the next research project.