The increase in internal gold mining during last decades has trigger the expansion of natural resource exploitation in many low- and middle-income. Either by increasing the intensity of production in those places with already established mines or by boosting new investment to discovery, the quantity and role of gold production on local economies has increased during the last years (MaMahon & Moreira, 2004). The potential effect of such increase of production of mineral on developing countries could be mixed. On the one hand, the increase of local revenues might lead to increase of social welfare by increasing investment, household income, among others dimensions. However, on the other hand, the persistence of weak institutions, the co-existence of artisanal and industrial exploitation, the emergence or consolidation of crime organization, among other factors could become an important challenge for local communities facing a boom of natural resources (McMahon & Remy, 2001; Aragón & Rud, 2015). Gold mining can increase economic opportunities, generate employment and improve living conditions of the households. Yet, a gold “boom” can foster illegal mining and promote a culture of “easy money”. This alters established values, what may lead to social movements that resist the arrival of new mining projects. In this proposal, we study the effect of new access to natural resource abundance on the development of social norms and entrepreneurialism. This case of study will take place in Colombia, a country that is rich in gold reserves, and where new reserves are opened up for exploration and exploitation. The objective of our study is to investigate the impacts of the discovery and establishment of gold mining on local social, economic and behavioral conditions. For this, we will conduct a longitudinal study comprising surveys with households in municipalities of Antioquia.