Water resources are the basis for life and sustainable development. Water security is one of main society¿s survival challenges and depends on both infrastructure and socio-economic conditions that determine not only water use but also the forms of intervention and use of ecosystems that support hydric resources supply over time. The world has witnessed an accelerated degradation in the provision of (water-related) ecosystem services affecting natural capital functioning and the well-being of human communities. Thus, there is an urgent need for the design and implementation of strategies that allow the integrated management of natural capital to safeguard the long-term sustainability of ecosystems and society, particularly those related to water security. This management must recognize the interdependence between society and nature, addressed by the Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) approach. Conceptual and operational challenges have been identified in the analysis of the sustainability