This article presents an agroecosystem resilience index (ARI) relative to two types of exogenous drivers: biophysical and socio-economic threats. The ARI is based on a theoretical framework of socio-ecological systems and draws upon multi-criteria analysis. The latter consists of variables related to natural, productive, socioeconomic, and institutional systems that are weighted and grouped through expert judgment. The index was operationalized in the Rio Grande Basin (RGB), in the Colombian Andes. The ARI was evaluated at the household level using information from 99 RGB households obtained through workshops, individual semi-structured interviews, and surveys. The ARI is a continuous variable that ranges between zero and one and may yield five categories of resilience: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. When faced with climate change impacts, 19% of households showed low resilience, 64% medium resilience, and 16% high resilience according to the ARI. When faced with price flu